Cement Clinker Manufacturing Process Manual

What is cement? Cement is a fine powder which sets after a few hours when mixed with water, and so hardens in a few days into a solid, strong material. Cement is mainly used to bind fine sand and coarse aggregates together in concrete. Cement is a hydraulic binder, i. e. it hardens when water is added. There are 27 types of common cement which can be grouped into 5 general categories and 3 strength classes ordinary, high and very high. In addition, some special cements exist like sulphate resisting cement, low heat cement and calcium aluminate cement.The quarry is the offset point Cement plants are usually locate closely either to hot spots in the market or to areas with sufficient quantities of raw materials. The target is to keep transportation costs low. Basic constituents for cement (limestone and clay) are taken from quarries in these areas. A two-step process Basically, cement is produced in two locomote first, clinker is produced from raw materials. In the second step cem ent is produced from cement clinker. The first step can be a dry, wet, semi-dry or semi-wet process gibe to the state of the raw material.Making clinker The raw materials are delivered in bulk, crushed and homogenised into a mixture which is fed into a rotary kiln. This is an enormous rotating scream of 60 to 90 m long and up to 6 m in diameter. This huge kiln is heated by a 2000C flame inside of it. The kiln is slightly inclined to allow for the materials to slowly reach the other end, where it is quickly cooled to 100-200C. Four basic oxides in the correct proportions make cement clinker calcium oxide (65%), silicon oxide (20%), alumina oxide (10%) and iron oxide (5%).These elements mixed homogeneously (called raw meal or slurry) will combine when heated by the flame at a temperature of approximately 1450C. New compounds are formed silicates, aluminates and ferrites of calcium. Hydraulic hardening of cement is due to the hydration of these compounds. The final product of this ph ase is called clinker. These solid grains are whence stored in huge silos. End of phase one. From clinker to cement The second phase is handled in a cement grinding mill, which may be located in a different place to the clinker plant.Gypsum (calcium sulphates) and possibly additional cementitious (such as blastfurnace slag, coal fly ash, natural pozzolanas, etc. ) or unemployed materials (limestone) are added to the clinker. All constituents are ground leading to a fine and homogenous powder. End of phase two. The cement is then stored in silos before cosmos dispatched either in bulk or bagged. What is concrete? Concrete is a solid material made of cement, sand, water, aggregates and often with admixtures.When fresh, it has a certain workability and takes the form of the throw off into which it is put. When set and hardened, it is as strong as natural stone and resists time, water, frost, mechanical constraints and fire. Typically, concrete is the essential material used in all types of construction residential (housing), non-residential (offices) and polished engineering (roads, bridges, etc. ). Read more http//www. crusherindustry. com/ skype anna. smith20121 Email emailprotected com